Posted: Wed Jun 06, 2007 1:19 pm
Filters help remove the toxic waste (urea and feces) from the water. A good filter consists of 3 parts:
1) Mechanical filtration - foam or cotton pad that traps solid particles. This part needs to be rinsed out regularly, daily to weekly depending on how quickly it gets clogged with waste.
2) Chemical filtration - usually carbon that helps remove toxic compounds from the water like chlorine, heavy metals, certain things that accumulate from the feedings. This part should be replaced once a month or every other month.
3) Biological filtration - usually ceramic rings or plastic pieces (stars, rings, balls, etc). These provide a lot of surface area for the beneficial bacteria to colonize. The bacteria feed on the toxic ammonia that is a byproduct of the turtles going to the bathroom in their water (also decaying shed skin, uneaten food, plants, etc). The ammonia is converted to nitrite then to nitrates which is much less toxic and acts as fertilizer for live plants (if you have any). Over time the nitrates accumulate to high levels and can be removed by partial water changes. Biological media should never be replaced but only occasionally rinsed gently in old tank water during water changes, then put back in the filter. Never let them dry out. They also need constant water flow so never turn the pump off for very long.
Water filtration is essential to a healthy turtle environment and will greatly reduce the need for daily water changes.